At The Intersection Of Several Types Of Retailers
From a strategic perspective, Walgreens has a unique position in the marketplace, sitting at the intersection of Wal-Mart, small discounters, Target, and grocery store chains. The medium size and neighborhood-centric locations of typical Walgreens make them akin to small discounters. Walgreens’ scale allows it to offer low prices à la Wal-Mart. The uniqueness of some of Walgreens’ merchandise is similar in ways to Target’s offerings. And Walgreens’ offering of some staple groceries put it in line with grocery stores. The “trick” for Walgreens is to leverage some of these aspects of its offerings into targeting buyer groups which value a significant combination of many or all of them. If they can locate large pockets of these profiled consumers within given geographic locations, they will be hugely successful in this recession and in any economic climate, no matter how terrible.

How To Use Its Position To Gain Buyers
In sitting at this strategic intersection, Walgreens can gain buyers by:
1. Keeping Low Prices For Many Merchandised Items
2. Maintain and Develop Relevant Signature Brands (Non-Staples)
3. Stock Need-To-Have Grocery Items (Staples & Certain Non-Staples)

Prescription Savings Card Is A Winner
A bright spot for Walgreens is its prescription savings card which is increasing in usage and members. This offers people savings on the purchase of prescription drugs, which can be a substantial expense especially for people on a fixed income. Walgreens has a recession-proof winner here and should put more resources behind increased marketing to targeted groups. Here, they can utilize the advantage of their scale to move returns beyond other investment of resources.

Match Position With Informed Strategy And Right Tactics
Walgreens’ positioning and strategy must be “in-synch” especially during this economic downturn. They need to build solid links to key buyer groups through understanding their demographics and lifestyle preferences. This needs to be turned into pinpointing geographical locations where groups with desired demographics and lifestyles are located. Bets need to be placed in these areas – whether with a new store or upgrading an existing store. Simple line extensions of “stripped-out” non- or less value-added features will yield ultra-value private label product lines – which can counter-intuitively be branded boldly by wrapping these items into a special designated section or store-within-a-store. This is a marketer’s dream: being able to brand generic low cost items! At the intersection where Walgreens sits, what would you do?

Database To Track Strategic Buyer Groups
An advanced marketing strategy for small retailers is to focus on key strategic buyer groups within their industry. This can be done readily by leveraging a small retailer’s localness to stay close to key buyer groups. Concretely, a data base of buyer preferences must be maintained and updated regularly. In this database, a retailer should record the following information about each customer:
1. All Merchandise Purchased
2. Any Special Treatment Given or Requested
3. Family and Friends Mentioned or Who Are Current or Potential Buyers
4. Relevant Changes In Living Situation
These pieces of information will help retailers identify and target groups of buyers willing to trade up, or more importantly for this economy, maintain the price for performance balance. For most small retailers, it is important for them to stay away from trying to entice Wal-Mart preferring buyer groups. They usually can not compete on price – and should not waste resources targeting buyers who trade down on price for lower quality, service, or performance.

How To Effectively Lower Prices For Maximum Profitability
There is a case where lowering prices for small retailers is effective and desirable – but without trading down price for performance. A retailer can maintain the price performance proportionality by offering small samplings of items or services for proportionately lowered price points. This accomplishes several objectives:
1. Increases Opportunistic and Incremental Sales
2. Allows Sampling of Higher-Priced Product Offerings
3. Obtains Price-Conscious Buyers W/O Competing Directly With “Big Box” Retailers

Small Retailer Example Of Lowering Price Points
Surfin’ Seafood, a Seattle-based seller of freshly caught seafood, is a great example of a small retailer offering a sampler type package to price-conscious customers. They expect to lose about 50% of their sales this holiday season as a direct result of corporations in the area cutting back on their discretionary expenditures of packaged seafood as holiday gifts for employees and customers. To regain some of this projected loss, they introduced a $50 gift package with fewer pieces versus their typical packages which sell for between $85 and $195. Surfin’ Seafood’s offering is a classic example of moving down price points to capture substantial incremental sales without disproportionately sacrificing performance, perceived quality, and the reputation that a small retailer has achieved. This kind of move can be highly beneficial and profitable – but it is tricky and must be done strategically and with care!

Three Characteristics Of Good Blue Ocean Strategy For Small Retailers
In the final analysis, for a small retailer there are three Blue Ocean characteristics of a good strategy. First, diverge from targeting price-elastic buyer groups, and understand the key dimensions of high utility for your customers – record key information about them and all customers. Second, focus on buyers willing to maintain and continue buying in a given price range even in this economic downturn – leverage your localization advantages such as closeness to key customer groups and understanding many aspects of the local market. Lastly, develop a tagline or brand motto which concisely differentiates your offerings in the market – and more importantly, among your key buyer groups. Small retailers can do better than just survive using these strategies – their businesses can prosper as their nimble boats sail the Blue Ocean Seas unfettered.

Change To Localization Orientation Is Key
The new CEO, Frank Blake, tackled this problem, and changed Home Depot’s purchasing system which favored national uniformity at the expense of local preferences to a less centralized system. His new system balanced local demand with national efficiency. Localization of purchasing for retailers is critical for two reasons. First, it can lead directly the development of blue oceans in products and services. Secondly, from a shorter-term, more quarterly perspective, it enables a retailer’s stores to own marketspace geographically. Wal-Mart’s meteoric rise is based in creating local monopolies in “small town” America. The real explosion for retailers occurs when geography is linked to demographics and usage habits.

Wal-Mart Example: Link Geography To Demographics And Usage
Wal-Mart is beginning to understand this linkage – they created a group of 350 people around the country to better respond to local preferences. Wal-Mart also hired experts to produce more detailed demographic information about each store’s customer base. By linking demographics and customer usage to a locale or region, a retailer becomes more responsive and speedier in spotting buying trends and habits which affect an individual store’s profitability and margins. These twin metrics are even more important now during our current challenging economy as consumer sentiment and buying habits are shifting more toward value. Even Target’s usual value proposition and communication to its customers of “Expect More, Pay Less” is being skewed by them to the “Pay Less” side – truly a sign of the current tough times.

Home Depot Blue Ocean Strategy Localization Wal-Mart Robert Nardelli Frank Blake Turbo Tagger

Hot Chocolate And Tea – Spaces To Be Owned
Ultimately, I recommend Blue Ocean products and/or services which lead to new lines of businesses and an increased revenue stream.  The hot chocolate niche is ripe for a well-resourced player like Wendy’s.  Although it’s a smaller space than coffee, critically, it is an area that a large player currently does not own.  They could realize a Blue Ocean in this space by developing a variety of high or mid-range quality hot chocolates with an assortment of flavors.  It would be much better in this smaller space rather than having just a tiny piece and no real profile in the large Red Ocean coffee space.  Also, tea is ripe in the U.S. – and is already trending up via smaller regional players throughout this country.  Both hot and iced tea are not yet “owned space” of a major restaurant chain.  Wendy’s could use its considerable resources to move to own this space.

Where To Go Next – And How?
Wendy’s should considerably modify its strategy for its coffee offerings – its mid-range and long term prospects blow in the wind of too many macro and competitive factors.  They should be occupying a beverage space that is less crowded, and that is “blue.”  If they look hard enough, they may even find Blue Ocean seas within the fast serve coffee space, but even so, they should gravitate to other beverages like hot chocolate and tea which are wide open nationally.  Then the next question for Wendy’s would be how to leverage its large resources to focus on garnering share from regional and local players.  Think Wal-Mart and small “Ma and Pa” stores in the ‘50s, ‘60s, and ‘70s – that’s enough to go on.  Always remember -  it’s so much better to be in a calm blue bay than a huge and turbulent red ocean.

Blue Ocean Wendy’s Red Ocean Hot Chocolate Tea Owned Space Turbo Tagger

Own Space, Not a Sustainable Competitive Advantage
Lele claims that ownable space over a period of time is at the heart of every successful business, not “sustainable competitive advantage” (SCA) as Michael Porter expounds on in his book, Competitive Strategy.  Lele sites that business success is not derived from unique products, strong brands, large scale, low costs, but that these factors are a means to an end, with the monopoly of capturing the marketspace for a given period of time being the true end.  Starbucks, until recently, had a dominant “good-tasting-cup-of-coffee” monopoly without any SCA.  Contrary to everyone’s assumptions, Southwest does not have a SCA of being a low-cost producer.  It does, however, have a “cheap seat” monopoly, and thus it owns the budget traveler space.  The high barriers-to-entry in the airlines industry have allowed Southwest to hold this monopoly for as long as it has.  Wal-Mart’s original strategy and success was derived through being a “local monopoly,” and its large investment in small towns raised its barrier-to-entry into that area.

The Monopoly Kaleidoscope and the Dollars and Cents Value of Monopolies
This critical deduction in Monopoly Rules changes the way you can view business and what should be addressed to be successful.  It is an important strategic paradigm shift, and the key strength of the book is how Lele explains his point effectively and simply through these examples.  He also invests time explaining how monopolies develop through three key factors of a monopoly kaleidoscope: industry shifts, competitor shifts and customer shifts.  To illustrate a company’s market value is often much higher than that of competitors in a monopolized space, he uses a simple formula of revenues per share versus share price to develop a ratio.  Companies with a ratio of 3.5 or higher typically have monopolized marketspaces.  In 2005, he sites Microsoft’s ratio at 8.0 and Coke at 4.5.  He contrasts their success with the struggles of Revlon during this period which is reflected with a ratio of 0.61.  As a University of Chicago Business School grad, I liked his quantification of the real dollars and cents’ effect a monopoly has in terms of a company’s value in the marketplace.

I am willing to talk with blog participants live via phone for free consultations.  I am also available to companies, businesses and organizations for consulting engagements and speaking opportunities.  For any of these request, E-mail me .  I will help my readers in any way possible – I want to share my knowledge and expertise.

Mike Bolden marketing expert and blue ocean strategist – writing to inform, enlighten, and inspire.  Author of forth coming book, “Owning Marketspace”.  Available for consulting and speaking engagements.

Monopoly Rules Milind Lele Sustainable Competitive Advantage SCA Monopoly Kaleidoscope Monopolies Turbo Tagger